8.0 DEFINITONS
USED IN THE ROOLS
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8.0 Definitions Used in the RulesThe following definitions apply throughout these rules. |
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8.1 Parts of the TableThe following definitions of parts of the table
refer to the accompanying diagram. Some details of exact size and placement
are in the WPA Equipment Specifications. See the WPA website at www.wpa-pool.com
for current information.
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8.2 ShotA shot begins when the tip contacts the cue ball due to a forward stroke
motion of the cue stick. A shot ends when all balls in play have stopped
moving and spinning. A shot is said to be legal if the shooter did not
foul during the shot. |
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8.3 Ball PocketedA ball is pocketed if it comes to rest in a pocket
below the playing surface or enters the ball return system. A ball near
the brink of a pocket partly supported by another ball is considered pocketed
if removal of the supporting ball would cause the ball to fall into the
pocket.
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8.4 Driven to a RailA ball is said to be driven to a rail if it is not touching that rail and then touches that rail. A ball touching at the start of a shot (said to be “frozen” to the rail) is not considered driven to that rail unless it leaves the rail and returns. A ball that is pocketed or driven off the table is also considered to have been driven to a rail. A ball is assumed not to be frozen to any rail unless it is declared frozen by the referee, the shooter, or the opponent. See also Regulation 27, Calling Frozen Balls.
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8.5 Driven off the TableA ball is considered driven off the table if it comes to rest other than
on the playing surface but is not pocketed. A ball is also considered
driven off the table if it would have been driven off the table except
for striking an object such as a light fixture, piece of chalk or a player
which causes it to return to the table.
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8.6 ScratchA shot on which the cue ball is pocketed is called a scratch.
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8.7 Cue BallThe cue ball is the ball that is struck by the shooter at the beginning of a shot. It is traditionally white, but may be marked by a logo or spots. In pocket billiard games, a single cue ball is used by both players.
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8.8 Object BallsThe object balls are struck by the cue ball with the usual intent of driving them into pockets. They are typically numbered from one to the number of balls used in the game. Colors and markings of the object balls are covered under the WPA Equipment Specifications.
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8.9 SetIn some matches, the match is divided into parts called sets, with a certain number of sets won required to win the match. In turn, a certain number of points or racks won is required to win each set.
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8.10 RackThe rack is the framing device, typically triangular, used to arrange the object balls for the break shot at the start of the game. It also refers to the group of balls so arranged. To rack the object balls is to group them with the rack. A rack is also a portion of a match played with a single rack of object balls. Some games, such as nine ball, are scored at one point per rack.
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8.11 BreakA break shot is the opening shot of a match or rack, depending on the game. It happens when the object balls have been racked and the cue ball is played from behind the head string usually with the intent of breaking the rack apart.
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8.12 InningAn inning is a player’s turn at the table. It begins when it is
legal for him to take a shot, and ends at the end of a shot when it is
no longer legal for him to take a shot. In some games a player may choose
not to come to the table in certain situations when play would normally
pass to him, and then the player remaining at the table continues the
inning (e.g. a push-out at nine ball). The player whose turn it is to
play is called the “shooter.” |
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8.13 Position of BallsThe position of a ball is determined by the projection of its center vertically downward onto the playing surface. A ball is said to be placed on a line or spot when its center is placed directly over that line or spot.
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8.14 Re-spotting BallsIn some games, object balls are required to be placed on the playing surface other than when forming a new rack. They are said to be re-spotted when they are so placed. See 1.4 Spotting Balls.
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8.15 Restoring a PositionIf the balls are disturbed, the rules of the game may require them to be replaced where they were. The referee will replace the balls to their original position as accurately as possible.
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8.16 Jump ShotA jump shot is one in which the cue ball is made to go over an intervening obstacle such as an object ball or part of the cushion. Whether such a shot is legal depends on how it is accomplished and the intention of the shooter. Usually a legal jump shot is played by elevating the cue stick and driving the cue ball down into the playing surface from which it rebounds.
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8.17 Safety ShotA shot is said to be a safety shot if the game in play is a call shot game and the shooter declared the shot to the referee or his opponent to be a “safety” before the shot. Play passes to the other player at the end of a safety shot.
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8.18 MiscueA miscue occurs when the cue tip slides off the cue ball possibly due to a contact that is too eccentric or to insufficient chalk on the tip. It is usually accompanied by a sharp sound and evidenced by a discoloration of the tip. Although some miscues involve contact of the side of the cue stick with the cue ball, unless such contact is clearly visible, it is assumed not to have occurred. A scoop shot, in which the cue tip contacts the playing surface and the cue ball at the same time and this causes the cue ball to rise off the cloth, is treated like a miscue. Note that intentional miscues are covered by 6.16 Unsportsmanlike Conduct (c). |
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